The Athenians’ Ultimatum to Melos
More than 2,500 years ago, the people of Melos faced a brutal ultimatum from Athens: either join their alliance or face complete destruction. Choosing defiance led to the annihilation of Melos—its men were killed, while women and children were enslaved. Historian Andrew Novo draws lessons from this ancient tragedy, highlighting how pride and power imbalances can have devastating consequences. He also draws parallels between Melos’ fate and the ongoing geopolitical struggles involving Ukraine and its allies, emphasizing the risks even when military strength and partnerships are present.
Ukraine’s Contemporary Struggles
During the Melian conflict, Athens and Sparta were technically at peace. Thucydides’ account of Melos precedes the Sicilian Expedition, a disastrous campaign driven by the ambitious and self-centered young politician Alcibiades. This expedition resulted in the loss of the Athenian fleet and army, the defection of allies, and ultimately the collapse of the Athenian empire a decade later. Novo points out that the defeat at Syracuse was the first of four blows that ended Athenian democracy.
Ukraine today faces challenges echoing this history. On October 19, former U.S. President Donald Trump labeled Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky a 'warmonger' and suggested negotiating with others. Earlier, on October 15, Elon Musk publicly stated it was "time for Zelensky to go." Zelensky responded emotionally, saying,
"It’s hard to explain this among friends; I feel betrayed."These statements reveal growing tensions between Ukraine and the United States.
Additionally, Kyiv recently accused Starlink of deliberate service disruptions. Washington lifted restrictions on Russian diesel imports, while the Pentagon delayed missile deliveries funded by European nations through the PURL program. Intelligence sharing between the U.S. and Ukraine has also reduced, and Ukraine has received no advance warnings of Russian attacks. Countries like Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, and Taiwan are closely watching Washington’s policies toward Ukraine.
It is crucial to note that unlike Melos, which lacked military forces, allies, or advanced technology, Ukraine commands one of Europe’s most capable armies and maintains its own defense industry. Europe is poised to supply Ukraine with Patriot missile systems and is actively engaged in negotiations in Oslo. Thucydides’ historical work remains timeless, offering insights relevant even in today’s complex international landscape.
Andrew Novo emphasizes the enduring truth that
"the strong do what they can, and the weak suffer what they must."This serves as a stark reminder of the need for dependable alliances and broad coalitions, especially for Ukraine and the U.S. In situations where peace agreements exclude key leaders—a scenario Alcibiades once openly opposed—Ukraine’s leadership must seek ways to strengthen its position on the global stage.
By reflecting on ancient history alongside current events, it becomes clear that strategic partnerships and international support are vital for a nation's survival and growth amid adversity. Novo’s analysis underlines that geopolitical dynamics are fluid, requiring constant diplomatic effort and vigilance. Moving forward, Ukraine must focus on solidifying existing alliances and forging new global partnerships to navigate the challenges ahead.
As tensions escalate, Zelensky's commitment to target Russian oil infrastructure further highlights the precarious situation in Ukraine. The historical parallels drawn by Novo serve as a stark reminder of the consequences of miscalculated alliances and the importance of steadfast resolve in the face of external pressures.