Research on the Ötzi Mummy
Scientists studied the 5300-year-old Ötzi mummy and found that it contains cold-resistant microorganisms. The study, published in the scientific journal Microbiome, showed that Ötzi's microbiome resembles the bacterial communities of early human populations that are rarely found in residents of modern industrial countries. Certain yeast species identified in the study are related to Antarctic strains. Some microbes are capable of breaking down phenol, which was previously used to clean the mummy from mold.
For the analysis, the scientists used ice from the surface of the body, melted water from inside the mummy, swabs, and data on intestinal tissues and stomach contents. Researchers compared these materials with a frozen soil sample taken at the site of Ötzi's discovery in 1991. The genetic material contains both original flora and microorganisms that inhabited the body later. DNA analysis revealed the presence of ancient fragments as well as well-preserved modern materials.
Cold-resistant Microorganisms and Their Significance
Cryoadapted species of yeast that can survive or remain dormant at temperatures of minus 6 degrees Celsius and high humidity were isolated from the skin, stomach, and meltwater. Studying these microorganisms may aid in improving the methods of conserving ancient remains. They may also have applications in industry for energy-efficient fermentation at low temperatures.
The condition of the mummy remains stable due to continuous monitoring conducted by specialists from the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology. The storage conditions for the mummy include a refrigeration chamber at a temperature of -6°C and humidity of 99%. The study has potential significance not only for archaeology but also for industry, highlighting the importance of studying microorganisms that may have various applications in the modern world. The publication date of the study is August 7, 18:30. Photo source: South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology / Eurac Research / Marion Lafogler.
The discovery of cold-resistant microorganisms in the Ötzi mummy opens new horizons for understanding the biological diversity of ancient human populations and their interactions with the environment. This research indicates the possibility of using similar microbes in modern technologies, particularly in the food industry, where their properties may be beneficial for reducing energy costs in fermentation processes. Such findings emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary research in preserving historical heritage and developing cutting-edge technologies.