How EU accession negotiations work
As Ukraine moves forward on its EU path, understanding the mechanics of accession talks has never been more relevant. In the #WelcomeEUkraine series, we explain what these negotiations actually involve. They determine the conditions for joining the European Union, requiring the candidate country to align its national laws with EU standards. Talks are conducted at dedicated intergovernmental conferences between the EU member states and the applicant country. The central goal at this stage is to harmonize both legislation and its practical application with the EU acquis.
Key milestones in the negotiation process
The road to membership goes through several major phases, with screening playing an essential early role. Screening involves checking how well a country's existing laws match the EU acquis, chapter by chapter, and setting reform priorities together with the EU. The acquis is grouped into six thematic clusters, each made up of several chapters covering specific policy fields. A cluster can only be opened once the candidate has sufficiently delivered on the agreed priorities.
After a cluster is opened, the candidate must carry out the necessary reforms. Chapters inside that cluster are then assessed and closed one at a time, independently of each other. To close any chapter ahead of schedule, a candidate must receive a positive IBAR, which signals that the interim benchmarks for chapters 23 and 24 have been met. The results of the negotiations are written into the draft accession treaty, giving the candidate a clear view of its future membership obligations while also allowing the EU to prepare for enlargement.
Negotiating EU entry is a complex, multi-stage undertaking that demands serious commitment to legal and institutional reform. Ukraine is currently working actively to bring its laws into line with EU requirements, a crucial step for its European integration. A successful conclusion to the talks would not only strengthen political and economic ties between Ukraine and the EU but also provide fresh momentum for domestic reforms.