Forensic Analysis of North Korean Ballistic Missiles
Ukrainian defense engineers and scientists from the Ministry of Defense have conducted a laboratory analysis of debris from North Korean KN-23 and KN-24 ballistic missiles used by Russia. Their investigation has identified unique geometric parameters, technological features, and key differences that distinguish these missiles from their Russian counterparts. This forensic work provides tangible evidence of North Korea's direct military support for Russia's invasion.
The analysis of missile wreckage that struck Kharkiv on January 2, 2024, confirmed its parameters match diagrams published in South Korean scientific journals. The KN-23 missile has a diameter of 110 cm at the rear, tapering to 90 cm at the front. This specific 110 cm measurement is unique and not found in the arsenal of any other country besides North Korea. The KN-24 has a diameter of approximately 100 cm. Experts compared the debris to photographs from North Korean missile factories and identified seven key similarities confirming their origin.
Design Characteristics and Implications
Despite some similarities, the KN-23 and KN-24 are not direct copies or licensed versions of the Russian Iskander 9M723 ballistic missile. Evidence suggests North Korea has further developed an initial variant based on Iskander designs. Notably, the North Korean missiles use less energetic fuel, and their engines are roughly 1.5 times larger and longer than Russian equivalents. Their manufacturing employs outdated methods, with soldering quality reminiscent of techniques from about 50 years ago.
Civilian-grade components from leading brands were found in the guidance units. To ensure heat resistance, a graphite-material nose cone was installed alongside thermal protective coating on the warhead section. It is worth noting that North Korea has become one of the largest suppliers of artillery shells to the Russian Federation's army since the start of the full-scale war against Ukraine, with millions of rounds delivered by sea and rail.
This research underscores the critical importance of international controls on the proliferation of ballistic missile technology, as North Korea actively collaborates with Russia militarily. The identified missile features indicate that the DPRK continues to refine its technologies, which could have serious consequences for regional security and global stability. The findings highlight a concerning arms pipeline that directly fuels the conflict in Ukraine.
In addition to the forensic findings on missile debris, North Korea's recent advancements in military technology raise concerns about their strategic capabilities. The recent tests of electromagnetic pulse and carbon-fiber bombs highlight a significant shift in their weaponry, suggesting a broader agenda that may further complicate regional security dynamics.