Why the 'three Spases' story is a myth
For an outside audience, this helps explain why Ukrainian religious customs are sometimes confused with those of neighboring countries. In an article for 24 Kanal, scholar Anastasiia Kryvenko debunks the popular story that Ukrainian tradition includes three Spas feast days. The idea, she argues, entered the public imagination in the late 20th century through media, and arose from a confusion with Russian traditions. According to Kryvenko, the only chief feast venerated in folk tradition was the Transfiguration of the Lord, known simply as the main Spas. Makovia was only sometimes referred to locally as the Lesser Spas, the Spas on the Water, or the First Spas, while the Transfiguration was called the Second Spas.
On Makovia, the traditional blessing focused on poppy; on Spas, honey. Exactly which plants and foods were brought to be blessed varied from region to region and depended on climate. Some beekeepers, for example, blessed honey at Makovia if they had gathered it by then; others waited until Spas. Garden produce, water, and grain ears could be included in the Makovia bouquet or blessed in a basket on Spas.
Historically, people thought of these feasts as early autumn events, and summer itself was much shorter than it is now. Daily life was guided by the weather, the ripening of fruit, and the completion of harvest. Most fieldwork was meant to end before the Dormition of the Mother of God, and after that the calendar opened up. Young people could then devote more time to socializing, courtship, matchmaking, and wedding plans.
'No tradition is being violated here. Our country is large, so climatic conditions and the degree to which produce has ripened differ greatly.'
— Anastasiia Kryvenko
In ancient times, Ukrainians also kept many rituals connected to poppy, which revealed their close relationship with nature and farming. Understanding this context helps show how Ukraine's celebrations, including Spas, developed out of a real rhythm of seasonal work. Knowing the authentic roots of these observances can prevent confusion and preserve the distinct character of Ukrainian culture in the face of globalization and outside media influence.
As the celebrations of the Spas approach, it's important to understand the historical context behind these traditions. For those interested in the specific dates and customs associated with the three Spas in Ukraine, the upcoming events in 2026 provide an excellent opportunity to explore how these feasts are observed today, despite the myths surrounding them.