Atomic-Level Quantum Calculations Shed Light on Transistor Scaling Limits
Researchers at KAIST University have employed quantum-mechanical simulations at the atomic scale to identify the fundamental boundaries of transistor miniaturization. Their work relies on a computational method grounded in first-principles physics, including an advanced density functional theory (MS-DFT) and a virtual transfer length approach. The team tested their model on a single layer of molybdenum disulfide, a two-dimensional semiconductor just one atom thick. The findings were published in the scientific journal Computational Materials.
Key Obstacles to Shrinking Transistors Further
The semiconductor industry is gradually approaching the 2-nanometer era, yet actual transistor dimensions still exceed that mark. A major hurdle in further miniaturization is quantum tunneling, which causes electrons to leak out of the channel. The researchers discovered that electron leakage can be suppressed when device components are smaller than 4 nanometers, opening up new possibilities for advancing chip technology.
Professor Yong-Hoon Kim emphasized the significance of the work, stating: 'This study introduces an entirely new physical criterion for evaluating transistors.'
The team also noted that electron penetration into the channel varies depending on the choice of metal electrode and the geometry of the contact interface.
As a result, the novel design strategy emerging from this research could have a major impact on the future of semiconductor technology and its applications across various industries.
This study by KAIST scientists represents an important step toward overcoming current limitations in transistor miniaturization, which could significantly influence technological progress. With growing demand for more powerful and energy-efficient electronic devices, these findings open up fresh opportunities for innovation in chip manufacturing and other electronic components. The work may also drive the development of new materials and structures that meet the evolving needs of the industry.