At the top of the nasopharynx, there is lymphoid tissue that performs a protective function (preventing bacteria and viruses from entering the body) and is called tonsils. If we get sick, for example, with angina, these round formations enlarge and become covered with plaques. This process is called the development of adenoids, and the inflamed tonsils are referred to as adenoids.
In childhood, tonsils get inflamed quite frequently[1]. Sometimes they resolve along with the illness, but in some cases, adenoids in children can become a problem that affects the child's well-being, mood, success at school, and in very young age, may lead to developmental delays, hearing problems, and changes in facial shape. Therefore, it is important to know about effective treatment methods for this condition.
Conservative Therapy
Conservative treatment[2] includes medication therapy, physiotherapy, as well as additional methods such as phytotherapeutic remedies. Medication therapy may include the use of anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, and hormonal agents. Hormonal sprays and drops quickly reduce inflammation, swelling and prevent further hyperplasia (enlargement) of adenoid tissue. These drugs are safe for use and rarely cause side effects.
Another conservative option is laser therapy. This method, which uses laser on the adenoids, reduces inflammation and swelling, and promotes the resorption of hyperplasia (enlargement) of tissues. This approach is often used in combination with hormonal medications.
Surgical Treatment of Adenoids
If conservative treatment does not yield results or complications are too serious, doctors recommend surgical intervention - adenoidectomy. Indications for this surgery include:
- chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract (sinusitis or otitis) that do not respond to medication;
- presence of significant complications in nasal breathing leading to chronic mouth breathing, snoring, and apnea (pausing of breathing during sleep);
- hearing disorders;
- recurring episodes of tonsillitis (recurrent inflammation of the tonsils);
- deformations of the facial skeleton and bite;
- general deterioration of the child's health, including constant fatigue, poor appetite, decreased activity, and frequent illnesses.
Modern Methods of Adenoidectomy
Today, there are several methods for removing adenoids[3]:
- Traditional. Adenoid removal is a process carried out with a special instrument - adenotome. The operation is performed under general or local anesthesia and takes literally 10 minutes.
- Endoscopic removal - this method involves the use of an endoscope for precise control over the process. This is a more modern approach that reduces the risk of complications and provides more thorough removal of tissues.
- Laser adenoidectomy is one of the most modern and minimally traumatic methods. The laser allows for quick removal of adenoids with minimal risk of bleeding and infection.
Treatment of adenoids in children requires an individual approach. Before making a decision about surgery, the doctor assesses the overall condition of the child, conducts a thorough examination, considers possible risks and benefits of the procedure. It is important to consult a specialist in a timely manner to receive professional advice and determine the optimal treatment plan that ensures healthy development and comfort for your child.
Ingram DG, Friedman N. Toward adenotonsillectomy in children: a review for the general pediatrician. JAMA Pediatr. 2015; 169(12):1155-61.
Thomas K, Boger D, Bunzel J, et al. Pediatric adenoidectomy: a population-based regional study of epidemiology and outcomes. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013; 77(10):1716-20.
Gerhardsson H, Stalfors J, Odhagen E, Sunnergren O. Pediatric adenoid surgery in Sweden 2004-2013: frequency, indications and related surgical interventions. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016; 87:61-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.05.020.