Discovery of the Homo Naledi Burial Site
June 29, 19:45
A burial site of Homo naledi in South Africa could turn out to be exclusively female. Analysis of remains from this species, found in the Rising Star cave system, revealed no male genetic markers in any of the samples. This finding hints that this ancient species may have practiced gender-segregated burials, or that males lost the relevant gene due to extremely low genetic diversity.
Research and Findings
Homo naledi is known only from the Rising Star cave system in South Africa, where archaeologists first uncovered 15 individuals in 2013. Since then, excavations have continued, and today at least 20 members of this species have been identified. These individuals lived between 236,000 and 335,000 years ago.
Sex determination was carried out using peptides unique to a protein encoded by the human Y chromosome, preserved in tooth enamel. Amelogenin X, present in both biological sexes, was found in all samples. However, amelogenin Y, linked to males, was absent from every enamel sample tested. This discovery has sparked scientific interest, as the protein sequences point to a very low genetic diversity within the population.
As one researcher noted, 'Unlike other remains, such as bone fragments, proteins in tooth enamel are preserved because enamel—the hardest tissue in the human body—protects proteins from environmental contamination even over millions of years. This makes them ideal carriers of genetic information from deep time.' - Palesa Madupe
Researcher Mark Dickinson also emphasized: 'The absence of male markers in the group is truly fascinating. It’s incredibly exciting to gain a window not only into the biology of our ancestors but also into how they lived.' This case could open new horizons for understanding the social structure and burial practices of Homo naledi.
This discovery could significantly reshape our understanding of ancient human social structure and behavior, challenging traditional views on gender roles in Paleolithic societies. If Homo naledi indeed practiced only female burials, it may point to unique cultural aspects previously overlooked in scientific research. Further studies could help clarify these questions and expand our knowledge of human evolution.