Nearly 10-Minute X-Ray Flare Signals Magnetar Formation After Neutron Star Collision

Unprecedented X-Ray Flare Duration

According to НВ — Техно: Astronomers have observed an extraordinary X-ray flare lasting close to 10 minutes, potentially marking the birth of a magnetar following the merger of two neutron stars. This event, labeled EP250704a/GRB 250704B, featured a brief gamma-ray burst lasting about half a second, succeeded by an extended period of X-ray emission. The light from this cosmic explosion traveled over six billion years before reaching Earth. Findings related to this phenomenon were published in the journal Science Bulletin.

Observations and Scientific Implications

The data analyzed came from the Einstein Probe satellite, supplemented by observations from the Very Large Telescope (VLT) operated by the European Southern Observatory. Researchers concluded that some fast X-ray transients may result from neutron star mergers, a process previously believed to produce only short gamma-ray bursts. Neutron stars, incredibly dense remnants of massive stars, generate gravitational waves when they collide.

“If a magnetar forms as a result of the collision, the explosive event can last significantly longer,” explained Professor Eleonora Troy.

Magnetars are a type of neutron star characterized by rapid rotation and extremely strong magnetic fields.

“By releasing their magnetic energy into the surrounding space, they can amplify both the brightness and duration of such explosions,” she added.

Notably, no supernova was detected in connection with this event, an important factor for ongoing research into these cosmic occurrences.

This discovery opens new avenues for understanding the aftermath of neutron star mergers and their broader effects. It highlights the critical role of astrophysical research in unraveling the life cycles of stars and the nature of explosive phenomena in the universe. Studying these flares also holds promise for deepening our knowledge of gravitational waves and how they influence cosmology.

In addition to the remarkable findings regarding the formation of magnetars, similar astronomical phenomena have been observed in other cosmic entities. For instance, the most intense flare recorded from a black hole in the NGC 1275 galaxy highlights the diverse and powerful nature of explosive events in the universe. This comparison underscores the significance of ongoing research into these extraordinary cosmic occurrences.