Ukraine's New Dual Citizenship Law: Who Qualifies for a Second Passport

The Introduction of Dual Citizenship

According to ХВИЛЯ: A new law, No. 4502-IX, came into force in Ukraine on January 16, 2023, establishing a framework for dual citizenship. This legislation permits Ukrainian citizens to hold passports from other nations and simplifies the process for foreigners to obtain Ukrainian citizenship. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine is currently compiling a list of countries with which dual citizenship will be permitted, based on specific criteria. This marks a significant policy shift, aligning Ukraine more closely with practices common in the European Union.

Criteria for the 'White List' of Countries

The criteria for forming the approved 'white list' of countries include:

• The country's membership in the European Union and NATO;
• The country's position regarding the war in Ukraine.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy noted that the specific procedures with eligible countries will be determined gradually. He indicated that priority partners include Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, and the Baltic states.

The Ministry of Defence of Ukraine must also define the rules for military service for individuals with dual citizenship. A key condition is that citizens residing in Ukraine for more than 180 days per year are obligated to pay taxes into the Ukrainian state budget. As expert Nataliia Naumenko clarified, only citizenship from countries on the special approved list will be considered legally recognized.

Regarding mobilization and pension matters, specific provisions are outlined in the law on military duty and service. For instance, men who have acquired Ukrainian citizenship and have already completed military service in their country of origin are not obligated to serve in Ukraine. It is important to note, however, that Ukraine currently lacks mechanisms to track its citizens' possession of second passports.

The establishment of dual citizenship in Ukraine represents a major step toward greater integration with the international community and enhanced mobility for its citizens. This move could open new opportunities for Ukrainians seeking experience abroad while maintaining their ties to Ukraine. The regulation of military service and tax obligations are crucial aspects that will impact the country's social structure and economy.