Global Drought Risks Reassessed as Scientists Reveal New Findings

Droughts Only Cover a Small Fraction of Land, Researchers Say

According to НВ — Техно: A team of international scientists, led by the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, analyzed climate data spanning from 1901 to 2020. Their findings show that simultaneous droughts affected just 1.8% to 6.5% of the world's land area. Earlier estimates had suggested that up to one-sixth of Earth's surface could be drying at the same time. The study identifies Australia, South America, southern Africa, and parts of North America as the primary drought hotspots.

Climate Change’s Impact on Agriculture

The researchers examined yields of key crops such as wheat, rice, corn, and soybeans. Results indicate that in certain regions, the probability of crop failure for corn and soybeans exceeds 40–50%. Natural fluctuations in ocean surface temperatures-especially the El Niño and La Niña climate cycles-play a decisive role in triggering droughts. During El Niño events, Australia frequently becomes a major drought epicenter.

The study also reveals that roughly two-thirds of changes in drought intensity are linked to shifts in precipitation, while about one-third is explained by rising temperatures. According to the data, the effects of global warming are becoming more pronounced in Europe and Asia.

Overall, the findings from this international research team highlight the need for ongoing climate monitoring and its consequences for agriculture and natural ecosystems. Understanding the true scale and causes of droughts can support the development of effective adaptation strategies and resource management worldwide-critical in the context of climate change and food security.